Table of Oxidation States of the Elements

The oxidation state tells how many valence electrons an atom accepts (negative number) or donates (positive number) to form a chemical bond.

A lithium atom has one outer shell electron, so it's usual valence is +1, but it can lose the electron and have a valence of -1. — A lithium atom has one outer shell electron. It has a valence of 1. Usually it’s oxidation state is +1, but it can lose the electron and have a valence of -1.

The most stable oxidation state is one that fills or half-fills an atom’s electron shell. Remember, shells don’t neatly stack on top of each other, so valence (and oxidation state) may not be the same as the total number of electrons in the outer shell. The most common valences are in BOLD. Values in italics are predicted theoretical values.

NUMBER	SYMBOL	ELEMENT	OXIDATION STATE
1	H	Hydrogen	1, 0, -1
2	He	Helium	0
3	Li	Lithium	1, -1
4	Be	Beryllium	2
5	B	Boron	3, 2, 1
6	C	Carbon	4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2, -4
7	N	Nitrogen	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3
8	O	Oxygen	2, 1, 0, -1, -2
9	F	Fluorine	0, -1
10	Ne	Neon	0
11	Na	Sodium	1, -1
12	Mg	Magnesium	2
13	Al	Aluminum	3, 1
14	Si	Silicon	4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2, -4
15	P	Phosphorus	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3
16	S	Sulfur	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2
17	Cl	Chlorine	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2
18	Ar	Argon	0
19	K	Potassium	1, -1
20	Ca	Calcium	2
21	Sc	Scandium	3, 2, 1
22	Ti	Titanium	4, 3, 2, 0, -1, -2
23	V	Vanadium	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2
24	Cr	Chromium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4
25	Mn	Manganese	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3
26	Fe	Iron	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2
27	Co	Cobalt	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
28	Ni	Nickel	6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
29	Cu	Copper	4, 3, 2, 1, 0
30	Zn	Zinc	2, 1, 0
31	Ga	Gallium	3, 2, 1
32	Ge	Germanium	4, 3, 2, 1
33	As	Arsenic	5, 3, 2, -3
34	Se	Selenium	6, 4, 2, 1, -2
35	Br	Bromine	7, 5, 4, 3, 1, 0, -1
36	Kr	Krypton	2, 0
37	Rb	Rubidium	1, -1
38	Sr	Strontium	2
39	Y	Yttrium	3, 2
40	Zr	Zirconium	4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -2
41	Nb	Niobium	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -3
42	Mo	Molybdenum	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2
43	Tc	Technetium	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -3
44	Ru	Ruthenium	8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -2
45	Rh	Rhodium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
46	Pd	Palladium	4, 2, 0
47	Ag	Silver	3, 2, 1, 0
48	Cd	Cadmium	2, 1
49	In	Indium	3, 2, 1
50	Sn	Tin	4, 2, -4
51	Sb	Antimony	5, 3, -3
52	Te	Tellurium	6, 5, 4, 2, 1, -2
53	I	Iodine	7, 5, 3, 1, 0, -1
54	Xe	Xenon	8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0
55	Cs	Cesium	1, -1
56	Ba	Barium	2
57	La	Lanthanum	3, 2
58	Ce	Cerium	4, 3, 2
59	Pr	Praseodymium	4, 3, 2
60	Nd	Neodymium	4, 3, 2
61	Pm	Promethium	3
62	Sm	Samarium	3, 2
63	Eu	Europium	3, 2
64	Gd	Gadolinium	3, 2, 1
65	Tb	Terbium	4, 3, 1
66	Dy	Dysprosium	4, 3, 2
67	Ho	Holmium	3, 2
68	Er	Erbium	3
69	Tm	Thulium	3, 2
70	Yb	Ytterbium	3, 2
71	Lu	Lutetium	3
72	Hf	Hafnium	4, 3, 2, 1
73	Ta	Tantalum	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -3
74	W	Tungsten	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -4
75	Re	Rhenium	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -3
76	Os	Osmium	8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -2
77	Ir	Iridium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
78	Pt	Platinum	6, 5, 4, 2, 0
79	Au	Gold	7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
80	Hg	Mercury	2, 1
81	Tl	Thallium	3, 1
82	Pb	Lead	4, 2
83	Bi	Bismuth	5, 3, 1, -3
84	Po	Polonium	6, 4, 2, -2
85	At	Astatine	7, 5, 3, 1, -1
86	Rn	Radon	2, 0
87	Fr	Francium	1
88	Ra	Radium	2
89	Ac	Actinium	3
90	Th	Thorium	4, 3, 2
91	Pa	Protactinium	5, 4, 3
92	U	Uranium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2
93	Np	Neptunium	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2
94	Pu	Plutonium	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2
95	Am	Americium	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2
96	Cm	Curium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2
97	Bk	Berkelium	4, 3, 2
98	Cf	Californium	5, 4, 3, 2
99	Es	Einsteinium	4, 3, 2
100	Fm	Fermium	4, 3, 2
101	Md	Mendelevium	3, 2, 1
102	No	Nobelium	3, 2
103	Lr	Lawrencium	3, 2
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	4, 3
105	Db	Dubnium	5, 4
106	Sg	Seaborgium	6, 5, 4
107	Bh	Bohrium	7, 6, 5, 4, 3
108	Hs	Hassium	8, 7, 4, 3, 2
109	Mt	Meitnerium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
111	Rg	Roentgenium	3, -1
112	Cn	Copernicium	2, 1
113	Nh	Nihonium	1
114	Fl	Flerovium	2
115	Mc	Moscovium	3, 1
116	Lv	Livermorium	4, 2
117	Ts	Tennessine	unknown
118	Og	Oganesson	8, 6, 4, 2

Periodic Table With Element Valences

This information is available on a Color Periodic Table of the Elements or a Black and White version. A simpler version listing only the most common oxidation state charges is also available.

References

Brown, I. David (2016). Inorganic Chemistry: The Bond Valence Model (2nd ed.). International Union of Crystallography. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications.
Lange, Norbert A. (1952). Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry (8th ed.). Handbook Publishers.
O’Dwyer, M.F.; Kent, J.E.; Brown, R. D. (1978). Valency. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Smart, Lesley E.; Moore, Elaine A. (2016). Solid State Chemistry – An Introduction (4th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Periodic Table With Element Valences

References

Related Posts